Galdr – Icelandic Rune Magic
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The two manuscripts printed here were transcribed from earlier sources at the beginning of the 19th century, only 100 years after prosecutions for witchcraft had ceased in Iceland. Written around 1800, the first manuscript in this book represents the largest collection of Icelandic magical staves in a single text, while the second manuscript is dated ca. 1820 and shows the influence of contemporary European occultism. Included in the appendix is a large selection of magical runes and spells from various other Icelandic manuscripts, with explanatory notes on their origins, development, and meaning.